Exogenously applied 24-epi brassinolide reduces lignification and alters cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis in the secondary xylem of Liriodendron tulipifera.
Identifieur interne : 002237 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002236; suivant : 002238Exogenously applied 24-epi brassinolide reduces lignification and alters cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis in the secondary xylem of Liriodendron tulipifera.
Auteurs : Hyunjung Jin [Corée du Sud] ; Jihye Do [Corée du Sud] ; Soo-Jeong Shin [Corée du Sud] ; Joon Weon Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Young Im Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Wook Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Mi Kwon [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Phytochemistry [ 1873-3700 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Brassinostéroïdes (composition chimique), Brassinostéroïdes (pharmacologie), Facteur de croissance végétal (composition chimique), Facteur de croissance végétal (pharmacologie), Glucides (biosynthèse), Lignine (métabolisme), Liriodendron (croissance et développement), Liriodendron (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Liriodendron (métabolisme), Paroi cellulaire (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Paroi cellulaire (métabolisme), Structure moléculaire (MeSH), Stéroïdes hétérocycliques (composition chimique), Stéroïdes hétérocycliques (pharmacologie), Tiges de plante (croissance et développement), Tiges de plante (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Tiges de plante (métabolisme), Xylème (croissance et développement), Xylème (cytologie), Xylème (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Xylème (métabolisme).
- MESH :
- biosynthèse : Glucides.
- composition chimique : Brassinostéroïdes, Facteur de croissance végétal, Stéroïdes hétérocycliques.
- croissance et développement : Liriodendron, Tiges de plante, Xylème.
- cytologie : Xylème.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Liriodendron, Paroi cellulaire, Tiges de plante, Xylème.
- métabolisme : Lignine, Liriodendron, Paroi cellulaire, Tiges de plante, Xylème.
- pharmacologie : Brassinostéroïdes, Facteur de croissance végétal, Stéroïdes hétérocycliques.
- Structure moléculaire.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Brassinosteroids (chemistry), Brassinosteroids (pharmacology), Carbohydrates (biosynthesis), Cell Wall (drug effects), Cell Wall (metabolism), Lignin (metabolism), Liriodendron (drug effects), Liriodendron (growth & development), Liriodendron (metabolism), Molecular Structure (MeSH), Plant Growth Regulators (chemistry), Plant Growth Regulators (pharmacology), Plant Stems (drug effects), Plant Stems (growth & development), Plant Stems (metabolism), Steroids, Heterocyclic (chemistry), Steroids, Heterocyclic (pharmacology), Xylem (cytology), Xylem (drug effects), Xylem (growth & development), Xylem (metabolism).
- MESH :
- chemical , biosynthesis : Carbohydrates.
- chemical , chemistry : Brassinosteroids, Plant Growth Regulators, Steroids, Heterocyclic.
- chemical , metabolism : Lignin.
- chemical , pharmacology : Brassinosteroids, Plant Growth Regulators, Steroids, Heterocyclic.
- cytology : Xylem.
- drug effects : Cell Wall, Liriodendron, Plant Stems, Xylem.
- growth & development : Liriodendron, Plant Stems, Xylem.
- metabolism : Cell Wall, Liriodendron, Plant Stems, Xylem.
- Molecular Structure.
Abstract
The roles of brassinosteroids (BRs) in vasculature development have been implicated based on an analysis of Arabidopsis BR mutants and suspension cells of Zinnia elegans. However, the effects of BRs in vascular development of a woody species have not been demonstrated. In this study, 24-epi brassinolide (BL) was applied to the vascular cambium of a vertical stem of a 2-year-old Liriodendron, and the resulting chemical and anatomical phenotypes were characterized to uncover the roles of BRs in secondary xylem formation of a woody species. The growth in xylary cells was clearly promoted when treated with BL. Statistical analysis indicated that the length of both types of xylary cells (fiber and vessel elements) increased significantly after BL application. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that BL-induced growth promotion involved the acceleration of cell division and cell elongation. Histochemical and expression analysis of several lignin biosynthetic genes indicated that most genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway were significantly down-regulated in BL-treated stems compared to that in control stems. Chemical analysis of secondary xylem demonstrated that BL treatment induced significant modification in the cell wall carbohydrates, including biosynthesis of hemicellulose and cellulose. Lignocellulose crystallinity decreased significantly, and the hemicellulose composition changed with significant increases in galactan and arabinan. Thus, BL has regulatory roles in the biosynthesis and modification of secondary cell wall components and cell wall assembly during secondary xylem development in woody plants.
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.003
PubMed: 24582278
Affiliations:
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Electronic address: mikwon@korea.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Phytochemistry</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-3700</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Brassinosteroids (chemistry)</term><term>Brassinosteroids (pharmacology)</term><term>Carbohydrates (biosynthesis)</term><term>Cell Wall (drug effects)</term><term>Cell Wall (metabolism)</term><term>Lignin (metabolism)</term><term>Liriodendron (drug effects)</term><term>Liriodendron (growth & development)</term><term>Liriodendron (metabolism)</term><term>Molecular Structure (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Growth Regulators (chemistry)</term><term>Plant Growth Regulators (pharmacology)</term><term>Plant Stems (drug effects)</term><term>Plant Stems (growth & development)</term><term>Plant Stems (metabolism)</term><term>Steroids, Heterocyclic (chemistry)</term><term>Steroids, Heterocyclic (pharmacology)</term><term>Xylem (cytology)</term><term>Xylem (drug effects)</term><term>Xylem (growth & development)</term><term>Xylem (metabolism)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Brassinostéroïdes (composition chimique)</term><term>Brassinostéroïdes (pharmacologie)</term><term>Facteur de croissance végétal (composition chimique)</term><term>Facteur de croissance végétal (pharmacologie)</term><term>Glucides (biosynthèse)</term><term>Lignine (métabolisme)</term><term>Liriodendron (croissance et développement)</term><term>Liriodendron (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Liriodendron (métabolisme)</term><term>Paroi cellulaire (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Paroi cellulaire (métabolisme)</term><term>Structure moléculaire (MeSH)</term><term>Stéroïdes hétérocycliques (composition chimique)</term><term>Stéroïdes hétérocycliques (pharmacologie)</term><term>Tiges de plante (croissance et développement)</term><term>Tiges de plante (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Tiges de plante (métabolisme)</term><term>Xylème (croissance et développement)</term><term>Xylème (cytologie)</term><term>Xylème (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Xylème (métabolisme)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="biosynthesis" xml:lang="en"><term>Carbohydrates</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Brassinosteroids</term><term>Plant Growth Regulators</term><term>Steroids, Heterocyclic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Lignin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Brassinosteroids</term><term>Plant Growth Regulators</term><term>Steroids, Heterocyclic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="biosynthèse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glucides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Brassinostéroïdes</term><term>Facteur de croissance végétal</term><term>Stéroïdes hétérocycliques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="croissance et développement" xml:lang="fr"><term>Liriodendron</term><term>Tiges de plante</term><term>Xylème</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Xylème</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en"><term>Xylem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Wall</term><term>Liriodendron</term><term>Plant Stems</term><term>Xylem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Liriodendron</term><term>Paroi cellulaire</term><term>Tiges de plante</term><term>Xylème</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="growth & development" xml:lang="en"><term>Liriodendron</term><term>Plant Stems</term><term>Xylem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Wall</term><term>Liriodendron</term><term>Plant Stems</term><term>Xylem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Lignine</term><term>Liriodendron</term><term>Paroi cellulaire</term><term>Tiges de plante</term><term>Xylème</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Brassinostéroïdes</term><term>Facteur de croissance végétal</term><term>Stéroïdes hétérocycliques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Molecular Structure</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Structure moléculaire</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The roles of brassinosteroids (BRs) in vasculature development have been implicated based on an analysis of Arabidopsis BR mutants and suspension cells of Zinnia elegans. However, the effects of BRs in vascular development of a woody species have not been demonstrated. In this study, 24-epi brassinolide (BL) was applied to the vascular cambium of a vertical stem of a 2-year-old Liriodendron, and the resulting chemical and anatomical phenotypes were characterized to uncover the roles of BRs in secondary xylem formation of a woody species. The growth in xylary cells was clearly promoted when treated with BL. Statistical analysis indicated that the length of both types of xylary cells (fiber and vessel elements) increased significantly after BL application. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that BL-induced growth promotion involved the acceleration of cell division and cell elongation. Histochemical and expression analysis of several lignin biosynthetic genes indicated that most genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway were significantly down-regulated in BL-treated stems compared to that in control stems. Chemical analysis of secondary xylem demonstrated that BL treatment induced significant modification in the cell wall carbohydrates, including biosynthesis of hemicellulose and cellulose. Lignocellulose crystallinity decreased significantly, and the hemicellulose composition changed with significant increases in galactan and arabinan. Thus, BL has regulatory roles in the biosynthesis and modification of secondary cell wall components and cell wall assembly during secondary xylem development in woody plants. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24582278</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2014</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-3700</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>101</Volume><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Phytochemistry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Phytochemistry</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Exogenously applied 24-epi brassinolide reduces lignification and alters cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis in the secondary xylem of Liriodendron tulipifera.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>40-51</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.003</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0031-9422(14)00070-3</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The roles of brassinosteroids (BRs) in vasculature development have been implicated based on an analysis of Arabidopsis BR mutants and suspension cells of Zinnia elegans. However, the effects of BRs in vascular development of a woody species have not been demonstrated. In this study, 24-epi brassinolide (BL) was applied to the vascular cambium of a vertical stem of a 2-year-old Liriodendron, and the resulting chemical and anatomical phenotypes were characterized to uncover the roles of BRs in secondary xylem formation of a woody species. The growth in xylary cells was clearly promoted when treated with BL. Statistical analysis indicated that the length of both types of xylary cells (fiber and vessel elements) increased significantly after BL application. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that BL-induced growth promotion involved the acceleration of cell division and cell elongation. Histochemical and expression analysis of several lignin biosynthetic genes indicated that most genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway were significantly down-regulated in BL-treated stems compared to that in control stems. Chemical analysis of secondary xylem demonstrated that BL treatment induced significant modification in the cell wall carbohydrates, including biosynthesis of hemicellulose and cellulose. Lignocellulose crystallinity decreased significantly, and the hemicellulose composition changed with significant increases in galactan and arabinan. Thus, BL has regulatory roles in the biosynthesis and modification of secondary cell wall components and cell wall assembly during secondary xylem development in woody plants. </AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jin</LastName><ForeName>Hyunjung</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biosystems Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Do</LastName><ForeName>Jihye</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shin</LastName><ForeName>Soo-Jeong</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wood and Paper Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Choi</LastName><ForeName>Joon Weon</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Choi</LastName><ForeName>Young Im</ForeName><Initials>YI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Forest Biotechnology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Wook</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kwon</LastName><ForeName>Mi</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mikwon@korea.ac.kr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Phytochemistry</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0151434</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0031-9422</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D060406">Brassinosteroids</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002241">Carbohydrates</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010937">Plant Growth Regulators</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D013260">Steroids, Heterocyclic</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>9005-53-2</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008031">Lignin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>Y9IQ1L53OX</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C023623">brassinolide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060406" MajorTopicYN="N">Brassinosteroids</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002241" MajorTopicYN="N">Carbohydrates</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000096" MajorTopicYN="Y">biosynthesis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002473" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Wall</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008031" MajorTopicYN="N">Lignin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D031567" MajorTopicYN="N">Liriodendron</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="N">growth & development</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015394" MajorTopicYN="N">Molecular Structure</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010937" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Growth Regulators</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018547" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Stems</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="N">growth & development</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013260" MajorTopicYN="N">Steroids, Heterocyclic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052584" MajorTopicYN="N">Xylem</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000166" MajorTopicYN="N">cytology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="N">growth & development</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Arabinan</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Brassinolide (BL)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cell wall</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cellulose</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Crystallinity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Galactan</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hemicellulose</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Lignin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Liriodendron tulipifera</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Magnoliaceae</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Pectin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Secondary xylem</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Yellow poplar</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2013</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>03</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24582278</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0031-9422(14)00070-3</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.003</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li></country><region><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li></region><settlement><li>Séoul</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université nationale de Séoul</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Corée du Sud"><region name="Région capitale de Séoul"><name sortKey="Jin, Hyunjung" sort="Jin, Hyunjung" uniqKey="Jin H" first="Hyunjung" last="Jin">Hyunjung Jin</name></region><name sortKey="Choi, Joon Weon" sort="Choi, Joon Weon" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Joon Weon" last="Choi">Joon Weon Choi</name><name sortKey="Choi, Young Im" sort="Choi, Young Im" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Im" last="Choi">Young Im Choi</name><name sortKey="Do, Jihye" sort="Do, Jihye" uniqKey="Do J" first="Jihye" last="Do">Jihye Do</name><name sortKey="Kim, Wook" sort="Kim, Wook" uniqKey="Kim W" first="Wook" last="Kim">Wook Kim</name><name sortKey="Kwon, Mi" sort="Kwon, Mi" uniqKey="Kwon M" first="Mi" last="Kwon">Mi Kwon</name><name sortKey="Shin, Soo Jeong" sort="Shin, Soo Jeong" uniqKey="Shin S" first="Soo-Jeong" last="Shin">Soo-Jeong Shin</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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{{Explor lien
|wiki= Bois
|area= PoplarV1
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|texte= Exogenously applied 24-epi brassinolide reduces lignification and alters cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis in the secondary xylem of Liriodendron tulipifera.
}}
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